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Published on:

January 31, 2025

Alankar Mishra

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Basics of GST

GST Credit Note Vs Financial Credit Note: Key Differences

Credit notes are essential documents in business transactions that help correct invoices and edit accounts. There are two major categories of credit notes – GST Credit notes and Financial Credit Notes. Even though both are used as adjustments, they are treated differently when it comes to purposes served, scope of application, and compliance with GST and accounting practices. This article identifies the key differences between, a GST credit note and a financial credit note, which will enable a business to decide when and how to use each one of them.

What is a Credit Note?

A credit note is a document that sellers issue to buyers to address differences that occur because of mistakes in previously issued invoices, goods returned or amounts previously invoiced. It's known as a negative invoice as it reduces and adjusts the values of invoices issued by the seller.

‍Types of Credit Notes

1. GST Credit Note: Credit notes are issued to changes for errors made in GST invoices.

2. Financial Credit Note: Used for commercial and financial adjustments without involving GST.

Understanding GST Credit Note

A GST Credit Note is a document issued under Section 34 of the CGST Act, 2017 to offset an invoice that has been issued or received. This could be due to the alteration of the taxable value or negative liability of the GST due to overpricing of the invoice, goods being returned, or too much tax having been applied.

When is a GST Credit Note Issued?

1. When the taxable value or GST captured in the invoice is greater than what was expected to be paid.

2. When the importer chooses to return the goods.

3. When the provided goods or services are determined as unfit or not sufficiently satisfactory.

4. When an invoice was issued, things such as post-sale discounts were not included in the invoice.

Key Features of GST Credit Note

1. The regulation on GST must be followed when being issued.

2. It ought to have particulars like invoice reference, reason for issuance details and the amount of GST involved.

3. They are to be reported in the prescribed manner in the GST returns (GSTR-1).

4. Must be utilized to negate the output tax liability.

5. The limit prescribed under GST law must be adhered to.

Understanding Financial Credit Note

A Financial Credit Note is issued as an adjustment document that does not alter GST liability but requires amendments to the invoice due to monetary or commercial reasons like compensations, discounts, customer goodwill, or other financial motives.

When is a Financial Credit Note Issued?

1. When granting promotional discounts or rebates that are not included in the taxable figure.

2. When a refund is granted for marketing incentives, volume-based discounts, or cashback programs.

3. When a customer is compensated for a service-related grievance it does not impact the GST input claim.

4. With the adjustments of other invoicing errors which do not impact GST reporting.

Key Features of Financial Credit Note

1. Not overseen by the GST regulations.

2. Doesn’t need to be accounted for in the GST return.

3. Does not influence GST responsibility.

4. Usually subscribed for commercial repricing.

5. Does not have the particulars of GST.

Key Differences Between GST Credit Notes and Financial Credit Notes

Feature	GST Credit Note	Financial Credit Note
Purpose	To rectify errors in taxable value or GST amount	To adjust financial transactions without GST impact
Applicability	Under GST laws (CGST Act, 2017)	General accounting and commercial adjustments
GST Impact	Reduces GST liability	No impact on GST liability
Reporting in GST Returns	Must be reported in GSTR-1	Not required to be reported in GST returns
Time Limit	Must be issued within September of next financial year or before filing annual return	No strict time limit; depends on company policies
Details Required	GSTIN, invoice reference, GST breakup, reason for issuance	General financial details without GST breakup
Use Cases	Taxable value reduction, return of goods, excess GST charged	Commercial discounts, customer goodwill, incentives

Compliance Requirements

When issuing a credit note, a company must be compliant with specific regulations. Moreover, there are two types of credit notes, GST credit notes and financial credit notes. Each category comes with varied levels of compliance detail that a business must mitigate.

GST Credit Note Compliance

1. The GST credit note has to be detailed in GSTR-1 for the corresponding period of tax.

2. It should be set off against the output tax payable in GSTR-3B.

3. There must be proper supporting documentation kept for audit reasons.

4. Only issued in circumstances allowed by GST legislation.

Financial Credit Note Compliance

1. Don’t need to be disclosed in GST Returns.

2. Must however be captured in the company books of accounts.

3. It should be linked to the original invoice for reconciliation.

4. There is no limit on the number of times they can be issued, however, it is a matter of company policy.

Impact on Accounting

The issuance of a credit note also influences the company's records. The impact depends on whether it is a GST credit note or a cash credit note. The following are the key accounting treatments of both.

GST Credit Note Accounting Treatment

1. Sales revenue as well as GST liability have been decreased in the financial records.

2. The person receiving the goods might have to re-adjust the ITC previously taken.

3. The relevant entries should reflect the decreased taxable sales and GST due.

Financial Credit Note Accounting Treatment

1. The GST accounts remain unaffected.

2. Adjustments were made under discounts of sales, customer’s promotional funds, or rebates.

3. These changes do not impact their taxes; they only indicate a write-off on receivables.

Conclusion

For proper record-keeping and filing purposes, it is important to know the difference between a GST and a financial credit note. A GST credit note might be used a lot more but is subject to the laws of GST collection; on the other hand, financial credit notes are not subject to any GST activity. They are merely business adjustments. However, these transactions should be well classified and documented to cater for compliance and transparency in financial transactions.

FAQs

What is the main difference between a GST credit note and a financial credit note?

While a financial credit note is for commercial adjustments without any GST consequence, a GST credit note affects GST liability and needs to be filed with the GST returns.

When should a GST credit note be issued?

If an invoice is incorrect either about its GST or the taxable amount, when goods are returned or when a discount is offered post-sale, a GST credit note will be issued.

Is it mandatory to report a financial credit note in GST returns?

This is not the case. Financial credit notes are not necessary for inclusion in the GST returns since it does not affect the GST tax liability.

Can a GST credit note be issued without linking it to an invoice?

No, the GST credit note has to correspond with the invoice that is being adjusted.

How does a financial credit note impact accounting?

A financial credit note amends sales discounts granted, rebates given, or goodwill adjusted but does not impact GST accounts and tax payable.

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